ABSTRACT
This study investigated the intervention effect and possible mechanism of ophiopogonin D (OPD) in protecting cardiomyocytes against ophiopogonin D' (OPD')-induced injury, and provided relevant experimental data for the clinical use of Ophiopogon japonicas. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to evaluate the effect of OPD and OPD' on H9c2 cell viability. The content of reaction oxygen species (ROS) in cells were detected by flow cytometry. The contents of Fe2+ in cells were detected by FerroOrange's fluorescence imaging. The content of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were detected by kits. The expression of transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1), long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4), cationic amino acid transporter 11 (SLC7A11), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) was detected by Western blot. Results showed that OPD' (1 μmol·L-1) significantly induced the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins, the contents of Fe2+, ROS, and GSH-Px were increased, and the content of GSH were decreased. In addition, different concentrations of OPD (0.5, 1, and 2 μmol·L-1) could partially reverse the myocardial cell injury caused by OPD', and the best effect was obtained when the dose range was 1-2 μmol·L-1. The experimental results show that OPD can interfere with the ferroptosis caused by OPD', and then have a protective effect on H9c2 cells.
ABSTRACT
Evodiamine, a bioactive indole alkaloid from Evodia rutaecarpa, E. rutaecarpa var. officinalis, or E. rutaecarpa var. bodinieri, has been extensively investigated due to its pharmacological activities in recent years. At present, evodiamine is proved to significantly suppress the proliferation of a variety of cancer cells and mediate cell processes such as cell cycle arrest and cell migration. In addition, evodiamine displays significant pharmacological activities against cardiovascular diseases(hyperlipidemia, etc.), and tinea manus and pedis. Recently, evodiamine has been found to have potential toxic effects, such as hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity. However, the pharmacological and toxicological mechanism of evodiamine is not clear, and its toxicity in vitro and in vivo has been rarely reported. Therefore, this study reviewed the pharmacological and toxicological articles of evodiamine in recent years, aiming at providing new ideas and references for future research.